Thyroid Hormone Metabolism (TH Metabolism)

Thyroid hormone metabolism encompasses the processes by which thyroid hormones—primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)—are synthesized, activated, inactivated, transported, and degraded within the body. These hormones are essential regulators of development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in virtually all tissues. Key steps include thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the gland under hypothalamic-pituitary control; peripheral activation and inactivation via tissue-specific deiodination; conjugative modification for excretion and recycling; and regulation at multiple physiological levels, including nutritional state and gut microbiome interactions. These processes converge on precise control over cellular energy balance, growth, and metabolic rate across organ systems.

Other names

Thyroid hormone synthesisThyroid hormone activationThyroid hormone inactivationT4 metabolismT3 metabolismReverse T3 production

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