Thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB)

Thyroid hormone receptor beta is a nuclear hormone receptor encoded by the THRB gene located on chromosome 3. It functions primarily as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates cellular responses to triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), regulating genes involved in development, differentiation, metabolism—especially hepatic lipid and carbohydrate pathways—and feedback control of TSH secretion from the pituitary gland. The predominant isoforms are expressed mainly in liver, kidney, pituitary gland, and brain. Mutations can cause resistance to thyroid hormones with clinical manifestations ranging from goiter without typical hyperthyroidism symptoms to metabolic disturbances. Loss or downregulation has been implicated in certain cancers where it may function as a tumor suppressor gene[1][2][6][8].

Other names

TRβNR1A2ERBA2THR1TRB

Drugs targeting this molecule typically act as agonists that selectively bind to and activate the beta isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor. This leads to modulation of gene expression involved in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism with reduced cardiac side effects compared to non-selective agonists[3][7].