Thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 (TRβ1)

Thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 (TRβ1) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, encoded by the THRB gene. It functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor activated by binding thyroid hormones, especially triiodothyronine (T3), regulating the transcription of numerous genes involved in development, metabolism, and differentiation[3][1][6][2]. TRβ1 plays major roles in the central nervous system, auditory and visual sensory systems, as well as in overall metabolic regulation[7][9][5]. Mutations in the gene or abnormal function are associated with generalized thyroid hormone resistance, certain cancers, metabolic and neurological disorders[6][3][5]. TRβ1 is a prominent therapeutic target for novel thyroid hormone mimetics aiming to treat metabolic disorders like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) while minimizing cardiac and bone side effects[5].

Other names

Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1TR-beta 1Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group A member 2 (NR1A2)c-erbA-2c-erbA-betaERBA2THR1Nuclear receptor thyroid hormone beta-1

Agonist binding leads to activation of gene transcription via thyroid hormone response elements Repressors block transcription in the absence of ligand Some synthetic agonists selectively activate TRβ1