Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Autoantibody (TSHR-Ab)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies (TSHR-Abs) are a group of autoantibodies directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), a G protein-coupled receptor located primarily on the surface of thyroid follicular cells. These autoantibodies play a central role in autoimmune thyroid diseases, most notably Graves’ disease and, to a lesser extent, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. TSHR-Abs are functionally classified into stimulating, blocking, and neutral types, based on their effects on TSHR signaling. The presence of stimulating-type TSHR-Ab is considered pathognomonic for Graves’ disease. Measurement of circulating anti-TSHR Abs is crucial for diagnosing Graves' disease, differentiating between causes of hyperthyroidism, and assessing risk during pregnancy.

Other names

TSHR antibodyTRAbTSI (Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin)TBII (TSH-Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin)TSAb (Thyroid Stimulating Antibody)TSH receptor antibody

Stimulation or blocking of the TSH receptor, leading to altered thyroid hormone production.