Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the toll-like receptor family, functioning as a key sensor of viral infection by recognizing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). It is primarily localized to endosomal membranes and initiates innate immune responses by inducing the production of type I interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Its signaling pathway involves the recruitment of the TRIF/TICAM1 adaptor protein, leading to the activation of IRF3 and NF-kB. TLR3 plays a protective role in antiviral immunity and has also been implicated in other functions such as protection against atherosclerosis, ischemic preconditioning-induced protection against brain ischemia, and promotion of hair follicle regeneration. Dysregulation of TLR3 can contribute to autoimmune conditions, and it is being investigated as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

Other names

CD283

Activation of TRIF/TICAM1, leading to IRF3 and NF-kB activation, resulting in type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine production.