Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) (TLR5)

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a transmembrane protein and member of the pattern recognition receptor family that plays a critical role in the innate immune system (Hayashi et al., 2001, Nature). It specifically recognizes bacterial flagellin, the primary structural component of flagella, which is essential for bacterial motility (Smith et al., 2003, Nature Immunology). Upon binding flagellin, TLR5 recruits the adapter protein MyD88, initiating a signaling cascade that activates NF-κB and induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and survival factors (Mizel & Snipes, 2002, JBC). In therapeutic development, TLR5 is targeted by flagellin-derived agonists like Entolimod to provide radioprotection by preventing apoptosis in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal tissues (Burdelya et al., 2008, Science). Additionally, TLR5 activation is explored in oncology as an adjuvant to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, though concerns remain regarding systemic toxicity and the receptor's role in certain inflammatory diseases (Krivokrysenko et al., 2015, JPET).

Other names

TLR5Toll-like receptor 5TIL3SLEB1Flagellin receptorFlagellin

Agonism of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), leading to activation of the NF-κB pathway and induction of cytoprotective and pro-inflammatory genes.