Toll-like Receptor Signaling Protein (TLR)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a central role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Upon ligand recognition, TLRs initiate signaling cascades that result in the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), leading to the production of cytokines, chemokines, type I interferons, and other mediators essential for inflammation and host defense. They are targets for drug development against infections, inflammatory diseases and cancer immunotherapy.

Other names

Toll-like ReceptorsTLRs

Agonism (stimulation of TLR signaling) or antagonism/modulation (inhibition/modification of TLR signaling)