Tolloid-like protein 1 (TLL1)

Tolloid-like protein 1 (TLL1) is a human astacin-like zinc-dependent metalloprotease encoded by the TLL1 gene. It is a member of the metzincin family of proteases and plays a critical role in processing extracellular matrix proteins including procollagen C-propeptides and chordin, as well as regulating tissue morphogenesis such as skeletogenesis and cardiac development. TLL1 is essential for proper formation of the heart's septa; genetic variants cause atrial septal defect type 6 in humans and similar phenotypes in mice. TLL1 also participates in anti-angiogenic signaling, bone mineralization, and modulation of BMP pathway activity. While it is recognized as a disease-associated enzyme target, direct pharmacological targeting is not currently established in clinical practice.

Other names

Tolloid-like 1TLL1TLLASD6Tolloid-like protein 1

Inhibition or modulation of TLL1's metalloendopeptidase activity (e.g., synthetic metalloprotease inhibitors or gene therapy approaches modulating TLL1 expression may theoretically alter extracellular matrix formation or BMP signaling)