Tooth enamel–bacteria interface

The tooth enamel–bacteria interface represents the dynamic boundary where the mineralized surface of the tooth interacts with the oral microbiome. This interface is initially established by the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), a protective layer of salivary proteins such as statherin and proline-rich proteins that adsorb onto the hydroxyapatite (Siqueira et al., 2012, Journal of Dental Research). Bacteria, notably Streptococcus mutans and other early colonizers, utilize specialized surface adhesins to bind to these pellicle proteins, initiating the development of dental plaque or biofilm (Nobbs et al., 2011, Journal of Dental Research). The metabolic processes within this biofilm, specifically the fermentation of sugars into lactic acid, lower the local pH at the interface, leading to the dissolution of enamel minerals and the eventual development of dental caries (Pitts et al., 2017, Nature Reviews Disease Primers). Pharmacological interventions targeting this interface include fluoride, which enhances remineralization and inhibits bacterial enzymes, and antimicrobials like chlorhexidine that disrupt biofilm integrity (Buzalaf et al., 2011, Monographs in Oral Science). Understanding this interface is crucial for developing anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm therapies that prevent tooth decay while maintaining oral health.

Other names

Enamel-biofilm interfaceAcquired enamel pellicle-bacteria interfaceTooth-plaque interfaceDental pellicle-microbe interface

Inhibition of bacterial adhesion to the acquired enamel pellicle, disruption of microbial cell membranes, and promotion of hydroxyapatite remineralization.