Tooth enamel mineral phase and dental biofilm

The tooth enamel mineral phase and dental biofilm represent a complex interface critical to oral health and the pathogenesis of dental caries. The mineral phase is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline calcium phosphate that provides structural integrity and protects the underlying dentin [1][2]. The dental biofilm, or plaque, is a diverse microbial community embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix that adheres to the enamel surface [3]. Disease occurs when the metabolic activity of the biofilm, specifically the fermentation of carbohydrates into organic acids, shifts the equilibrium toward demineralization of the enamel [4]. Therapeutic strategies target this system by enhancing the acid resistance of the mineral phase through fluoride-mediated remineralization or by reducing the biomass and pathogenicity of the biofilm using antimicrobial agents [5][6]. Consequently, this target is fundamental to the development of preventive and restorative dental treatments. [1] NIH National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. [2] StatPearls: Dental Caries. [3] Marsh, P. D. (2004). BMC Oral Health. [4] Featherstone, J. D. (2000). JADA. [5] CDC: Fluoride Facts. [6] PubChem: Sodium Fluoride.

Other names

Dental plaqueEnamel hydroxyapatiteOral biofilmDental pellicle

Remineralization of hydroxyapatite, inhibition of demineralization, antimicrobial disruption of biofilm matrix, and inhibition of bacterial metabolism.