Tooth mineral and demineralized dentine matrix (DDM)

Tooth mineral and demineralized dentine matrix represent the primary structural components of the human tooth, consisting of an inorganic phase (principally hydroxyapatite) and an organic phase (primarily Type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins) (Goldberg et al., 2011). The mineral component provides hardness and acid resistance, while the demineralized dentine matrix serves as a biological scaffold for tissue repair and a reservoir for bioactive signaling molecules like growth factors (NIH, 2022). In dental medicine, these components are targeted to treat dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity by promoting remineralization or sealing exposed tubules (Marinho et al., 2003). Furthermore, the demineralized dentine matrix is a critical focus in restorative dentistry, where its preservation from proteolytic degradation by enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases is essential for the longevity of adhesive restorations (Pashley et al., 2004). Therapeutic interventions often involve the use of fluoride to enhance mineral stability or cross-linking agents to reinforce the organic matrix.

Other names

HydroxyapatiteDentin matrixDemineralized dentin matrixDental hard tissuesDentin-pulp complex

Promotion of remineralization through ion exchange (e.g., conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite), inhibition of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins to prevent collagen degradation, and physical occlusion of dentinal tubules to reduce fluid movement (StatPearls, 2023; Pashley et al., 2004).