Tooth organic chromophores

Tooth organic chromophores are complex organic molecules located within the enamel and dentin that are responsible for the perceived color and staining of teeth (Joiner, 2006). These molecules typically contain conjugated double bonds that absorb specific wavelengths of light, resulting in visible discoloration (Kwon & Wertz, 2015). They can originate from internal sources during tooth development, such as tetracycline or fluorosis, or from external sources like food and tobacco that penetrate the tooth structure over time (Eimar et al., 2012). In clinical dentistry, these chromophores are the primary targets of bleaching agents like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide (Joiner, 2006). These agents work by releasing reactive oxygen species that oxidize the organic pigments, breaking their double bonds and converting them into smaller, colorless, or lighter-colored molecules (Kwon & Wertz, 2015). This process effectively reduces the concentration of light-absorbing species within the dental tissues, thereby whitening the tooth surface (Eimar et al., 2012).

Other names

Dental chromophoresTooth pigmentsIntrinsic stainsOrganic dental pigments

Oxidation and degradation of conjugated double bonds by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of smaller, less pigmented molecules