Trabecular meshwork cell (TM cell)

Trabecular meshwork cells are specialized components of the eye's anterior chamber angle that regulate the outflow of aqueous humor, thus maintaining physiological IOP. They line the connective tissue beams of the trabecular meshwork, actively participate in ECM turnover, and perform phagocytic functions to keep outflow pathways clear. There are distinct TM cell phenotypes depending on their anatomical layer: those in the uveal and corneoscleral meshwork exhibit more endothelial-like or fibroblast-like properties, while cells in the juxtacanalicular region resemble myofibroblasts or smooth muscle cells. TM cell dysfunction, fibrotic response, or loss are key contributors to glaucoma pathophysiology. TM cells are the therapeutic target for interventions aiming to restore aqueous outflow and control IOP, including medications and laser-based therapies. Recent single-cell studies have identified TM cell heterogeneity and disease-associated gene expression, suggesting novel avenues for glaucoma treatment.

Other names

TM celltrabeculocytetrabecular meshwork endothelial cell

Increase outflow facility by remodeling ECM and/or increasing tissue permeability (Prostaglandins) Relaxation/contraction of ciliary muscle to alter tissue pore size (Muscarinic agonists) ROCK inhibition to affect cytoskeletal arrangement and outflow facility (Rho kinase inhibitors)