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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β)
- Target
- TGF-β
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, Growth factor, Secreted protein, Signaling molecule
01
Overview
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine and a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily. It exists in three main mammalian isoforms: TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. TGF-β regulates numerous cellular processes including cell cycle control, proliferation, differentiation, immune regulation and influences stem cell fate decisions. Dysregulation is implicated in fibrosis, cancer progression/metastasis, autoimmune diseases, and developmental disorders.
- Other names
- Platelet Transforming Growth FactorBone-Derived Transforming Growth FactorMilk Growth Factor
02
Mechanism of action
TGF-β signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors, activating Smad-dependent and non-canonical pathways, leading to transcriptional regulation and influencing cellular processes.
03
Biological functions
Cell cycle controlProliferationDifferentiationApoptosisMotilityExtracellular matrix productionEmbryonic developmentTissue regenerationImmune regulationStem cell fate decisionsEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)Transcriptional regulation
04
Disease associations
FibrosisCancer progressionMetastasisAutoimmune diseasesDevelopmental disorders
05
Safety considerations
Potential for promoting tumor metastasis at later stagesDysregulation can lead to pathological fibrosisAberrant signaling can modulate the tumor microenvironment
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