Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Proprotein (TGF-β1 proprotein)

Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGF-β1 proprotein) is a multifunctional cytokine precursor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and function. It is synthesized as a large precursor that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate the latency-associated peptide (LAP) and the mature TGF-β1 peptide. The latent complex of LAP and mature TGF-β1 keeps the cytokine inactive until it is activated by integrins and other factors. Active TGF-β1 signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors, leading to activation of SMAD proteins and regulation of gene expression. TGF-β1 plays a critical role in development, immune regulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in various diseases.

Other names

TGFB1TGF-beta 1Latent TGF-beta 1LAP (Latency-associated peptide)

TGF-β1 proprotein itself is not directly targeted by drugs. However, its downstream signaling pathways and activation mechanisms are potential targets. Drugs can be designed to inhibit the interaction of TGF-β1 with its receptors, block the activation of latent TGF-β1, or interfere with the SMAD signaling pathway.