Transforming growth factor beta activation pathway (null)

The transforming growth factor beta activation pathway encompasses the biological processes that convert latent TGF-β to its active form, enabling engagement of TGF-β receptors and initiation of intracellular signaling. TGF-β is synthesized and secreted in a latent complex consisting of TGF-β dimer, latency-associated peptide (LAP), and often a latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP), many times deposited into the extracellular matrix. Activation requires release of mature TGF-β from the latent complex, achieved via integrins, proteases (such as plasmin or matrix metalloproteinases), pH changes, and/or reactive oxygen species. The process is tightly regulated and central to controlling TGF-β signaling intensity. Dysregulation of activation contributes to pathologies such as fibrosis, immune disorders, and cancer progression[1][2][3][4][5][6].

Other names

TGF-β activation pathwayTGF-beta activationTGFβ activation cascade

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