Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 (TMIGD2)

Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 (TMIGD2) is a type I single-pass membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, primarily functioning as a co-stimulatory immune receptor belonging to the CD28 family[5][3]. It is constitutively expressed on naive T cells and natural killer cells, and is found to a lesser extent on endothelial and epithelial cells, where it regulates cell-cell interaction, cell migration, and angiogenesis[1][5][3]. TMIGD2 is the primary receptor for the B7 family ligand HHLA2, facilitating immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production[3][5]. Aberrant TMIGD2 expression is seen in certain malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (where it marks and maintains leukemia stem cells), glioma, and gastric cancer, where it can serve as a prognostic marker or therapeutic target[2][1]. Its modulation may have therapeutic potential in cancer, especially for targeting immune checkpoints or leukemia stem cells[2][3][1].

Other names

CD28 homologCD28HIGPR-1Immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor 1Immunoglobulin and proline-rich receptor 1MGC23244

Blockade of TMIGD2 receptor function with monoclonal antibodies to inhibit leukemia stem cell self-renewal and AML progression. Engagement with its ligand HHLA2 to modulate T cell and NK cell activation and cytokine production.