Transmembrane protein 156 (TMEM156)

Transmembrane protein 156 (TMEM156) is an integral membrane protein encoded by the TMEM156 gene in humans, located on chromosome 4p14[1]. The protein consists of 296 amino acids, has a molecular weight of approximately 34.3 kDa, and its structure is predicted to be dominated by α-helices with three membrane-spanning regions[1]. TMEM156 is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but may also be found in other cellular compartments, including plasma membrane and vesicles[1]. Expression has been detected in several tissues such as bone marrow, salivary glands, and vascular tissues, predominantly in adults[1]. TMEM156 interacts with proteins involved in immune processes and membrane trafficking, including CEACAM21, FCRL1, and MZB1, suggesting roles in B cell activation and immunoglobulin M assembly[1]. Recent studies indicate TMEM156 is upregulated in a subset of cancers, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where its expression correlates with improved survival and immune cell infiltration, proposing TMEM156 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target[2]. However, the precise molecular and biological functions of TMEM156, as well as its mechanisms of action and safety profile, remain incompletely defined and require further research[2].

Other names

FLJ23235