Transmembrane protein 178B (TMEM178B)

Transmembrane protein 178B (TMEM178B) is a membrane-associated protein of 294 amino acids predicted to localize to cellular membranes and vesicles, with enhanced expression in the cerebral cortex[3][2]. It acts as a negative regulator of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in myeloid cells through direct interaction with the calcium signaling protein STIM1: increased TMEM178B association with STIM1 limits cytoplasmic calcium influx following activation, which in turn tempers inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis[1]. Decreased TMEM178B expression, such as that observed in plasma from arthritic patients, is associated with heightened calcium influx and increased inflammatory responses[1]. TMEM178B interacts with proteins that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway (TNIP2 and TRAF2) and might be involved in apoptotic pathways and broader immune regulation[2]. Genetic alterations involving TMEM178B, such as BRAF fusions, have been identified in aggressive mucosal melanoma, suggesting a potential oncogenic role[2]. The full range of its biological and clinical significance is not yet completely characterized.

Other names

DKFZp547G036T178B_HUMANENSG00000261115GC07P140775