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Transmembrane protein 239 (TMEM239)
- Target
- TMEM239
- Molecular classification
- Transmembrane protein, Trispanin (three transmembrane-spanning protein family), Membrane protein, Host factor (for African swine fever virus)
01
Overview
Transmembrane protein 239 (TMEM239) is a member of the trispanin protein family with three membrane-spanning domains. TMEM239 is expressed primarily in the testis and brain, with low abundance in other tissues. Functionally, TMEM239 acts as a host factor that facilitates entry of ASFV into early endosomes, a critical step for viral replication; loss of TMEM239 expression disrupts this process, reducing viral propagation. TMEM239 interacts with several proteins involved in membrane trafficking and signal transduction, including the early endosome marker Rab5A and proteins involved in the SNARE complex and cytoskeleton modulation. Its clinical relevance extends to neuropsychiatric genomics, with a variant linked to white matter integrity in bipolar disorder. Currently, TMEM239 is not known to be a direct therapeutic target, and no drugs have been described to interact with it.
- Other names
- TMEM239Transmembrane protein 239
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable; no known drugs target TMEM239
03
Biological functions
Facilitates viral entry: Required for African swine fever virus (ASFV) entry into early endosomes, impacting viral replicationProtein-protein interactions: Interacts with Rab5A (early endosome marker), cell signaling proteins, and SNARE complex componentsMembrane transport: Involved in endosomal transport processes and possibly intracellular traffickingSignal transduction: Associated with small GTPase-mediated signaling pathways
04
Disease associations
Viral infection: Crucial for ASFV replication; knockout confers resistance to viral replication in pigsNeuropsychiatric disease: Genetic variant (rs7360412) associated with fractional anisotropy, a trait reduced in bipolar disorder; possible role in white matter integrityNo established roles in cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, or cardiovascular disease from current literature
05
Safety considerations
No explicit safety concerns documented, but knockout in pigs suppresses ASFV replication and does not appear to disrupt basic endosomal functionsLimited information on human safety implications
06
Biomarkers
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7360412 in TMEM239 associated with fractional anisotropy in bipolar disorderTMEM239 expression/knockout status could serve as a biomarker for resistance to ASFV replication in the context of livestock disease modeling
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