Tree pollen allergens

Tree pollen allergens are proteins from pollen of various trees, primarily in orders Fagales (e.g., birch, alder), Lamiales (e.g., olive, ash), Proteales, and Pinales (e.g., cedar, cypress), that trigger IgE-mediated allergic responses in sensitized individuals. They cause seasonal allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma, affecting a significant portion of pollen-allergic patients worldwide. Molecular characterization has identified over 53 such allergens, with major ones like Bet v 1 (birch), Ole e 1 (olive), and Cry j 1/2 (cedar) serving as markers for cross-reactive groups beyond botanical relations. These allergens induce Th2 immune responses, leading to histamine release and inflammation upon exposure. Diagnosis relies on component-resolved diagnostics using recombinant allergens to pinpoint primary sensitizers and predict cross-reactivities with foods or other pollens. Therapeutically, they are targeted via subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy with hypoallergenic variants, improving tolerance and reducing symptoms. Ongoing research focuses on novel allergens from emerging tree species to refine allergy management.

Other names

Bet v 1 (birch pollen allergen)Ole e 1 (olive pollen allergen)Cry j 1 (cedar pollen allergen)Cry j 2 (cedar pollen allergen)Fagales pollen allergensLamiales pollen allergensProteales pollen allergensPinales pollen allergens

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization via recombinant proteins)