Triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) (TGL)

Triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) is a pivotal enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids, playing a central role in both dietary fat digestion and systemic energy mobilization (UniProt, 2024). In the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase is the primary enzyme for breaking down fats, a process essential for nutrient absorption (StatPearls, 2023). Within adipose tissue, intracellular lipases like adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) regulate the release of stored lipids in response to metabolic demands (PubMed, 2022). Dysregulation of these lipase activities is closely associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (NIH, 2023). Pharmacologically, gastric and pancreatic lipases are targeted by inhibitors such as Orlistat to reduce caloric intake from dietary fats for weight management (PubChem, 2024). Conversely, in conditions like exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, lipase replacement therapy is used to restore digestive function (Mayo Clinic, 2023). Furthermore, serum lipase levels are a critical clinical biomarker used to diagnose and monitor acute pancreatitis (NIH, 2023).

Other names

Triglyceride lipaseTributyraseSteapsinGlycerol ester hydrolaseTriacylglycerol acylhydrolase

Inhibition of gastrointestinal lipases to prevent dietary fat absorption; replacement of deficient endogenous enzymes.