Tubulin--tyrosine ligase-like protein 1 (TTLL1)

Tubulin--tyrosine ligase-like protein 1 (TTLL1) is a catalytic subunit of the neuronal polyglutamylase complex that modifies tubulin by catalyzing the addition of glutamate side chains (polyglutamylation) to the C-terminal region of α- and β-tubulin. This post-translational modification regulates the interaction of microtubules with molecular motors and microtubule-associated proteins, thus affecting microtubule stability, cilia and flagella motility, and various microtubule-dependent cellular processes. TTLL1’s function is especially important in neurons, sperm, and ciliated cells, and its dysfunction is associated with pathologies in the nervous system, reproductive system, and certain rare diseases. Unlike most polyglutamylases, TTLL1 requires association with other protein subunits to be enzymatically active.

Other names

TTL family tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit L1Polyglutamylase complex subunit TTLL1C22orf7PGs3TPGS3Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL1Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 3Tubulin--tyrosine ligase-like protein 1polyglutamylase subunit 3HS323M22Bcatalytic subunit of neural tubulin polyglutamylasetubulin tyrosine ligase like 1Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 1probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL1tubulin-tyrosine ligase