Tumor Antigen (MHC-Independent Recognition)

Tumor antigens recognized independently of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) refer to molecular targets on tumor cells that can be detected and engaged by immune effectors—such as engineered T cells or antibodies—without requiring antigen presentation via classical MHC molecules. This allows targeting of tumors that evade immune detection by downregulating or losing MHC class I expression. Therapies such as CAR-T cells are designed to recognize these antigens directly.

Other names

Non-MHC restricted tumor antigenTumor-associated antigen (MHC-independent)CAR-T cell targetMHC-independent antigen

Direct binding of engineered receptors (e.g., CARs) to tumor-associated antigens on the cell surface, independent of MHC presentation, leading to immune cell activation and tumor cell lysis.