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Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity

Molecular classification: Immune process

Overview

Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity refers to the targeted killing of tumor cells by immune effector cells—primarily cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)—that recognize specific antigens uniquely or preferentially expressed by tumor cells. These antigens can be either tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) or tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).

Mechanism of action

Recognition of tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens presented on MHC I by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), leading to CTL activation and target cell lysis via perforin/granzyme release and/or death receptor engagement.

Biological functions

Immune responseCell killingApoptosisAntigen presentation

Disease associations

Cancer

Safety considerations

Off-target toxicity due to TAA expression in normal tissuesCytokine release syndrome (CRS)On-target, off-tumor effectsImmune-related adverse events (irAEs)

Biomarkers

Tumor antigen expression levelsCTL infiltration into tumorTCR repertoire diversityMHC I expression on tumor cells

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