Tumor-Associated and Tumor-Specific Antigens (TAA/TSA)

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are molecules expressed on cancer cells that serve as targets for immunotherapy. TAAs are overexpressed on cancer cells but may also be present at lower levels on some normal tissues, while TSAs are unique to cancer cells due to mutations. These antigens are targeted by engineered immune cells, such as CAR-T cells and TCR-engineered T-cells, to elicit an anti-tumor immune response. Clinical trials targeting these antigens have shown promising results in various solid tumors, but challenges remain due to antigen heterogeneity and potential off-target effects.

Other names

Tumor antigensCancer antigensSolid tumor targets

Engineered T-cells recognize specific antigen via CAR or TCR, leading to T-cell activation, proliferation, release of cytotoxic granules/cytokines, and direct killing of targeted cancer cells.