Tumor-associated antigen (neoantigen)

Neoantigens are novel protein antigens that arise from mutations in tumor cell DNA. These proteins are not present in normal tissues and are unique to cancer cells, making them highly immunogenic and ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. They are presented on the surface of tumor cells by MHC molecules, and can be recognized by T cells, triggering an anti-tumor immune response. Neoantigens are targeted by personalized vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies. The presence and diversity of neoantigens correlate with better clinical outcomes following certain immunotherapies.

Other names

NeoantigenTumor-specific antigen

Neoantigen-based therapies aim to elicit or enhance T cell responses against tumor cells expressing the unique mutated neoantigens. Vaccines prime the immune system, while adoptive T cell therapies directly transfer pre-selected or engineered T cells with neoantigen specificity. Checkpoint inhibitors remove inhibitory signals, further boosting the anti-tumor immune response.