Tumor-associated antigens derived from autologous tumor RNA (TAA (Autologous RNA-derived))

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) derived from autologous tumor RNA represent a personalized approach to cancer immunotherapy. By extracting total RNA or specific mRNA from a patient's own tumor, the full spectrum of that individual's unique mutations (neoantigens) and overexpressed proteins can be identified and utilized for therapeutic purposes [Sahin et al., 2017]. These RNA sequences are then formulated into vaccines—often using lipid nanoparticles or by pulsing dendritic cells—which, upon administration, are translated into proteins within the patient's cells. These proteins are processed and presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells via Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules [NCI]. This process triggers a robust, multi-epitope T-cell response specifically tailored to the patient's tumor profile, aiming to overcome the inherent heterogeneity of cancer [Sahin & Türeci, 2018]. This strategy is currently being investigated in various clinical trials for high-grade gliomas, melanoma, and other solid tumors to improve survival outcomes and prevent recurrence [BioNTech; Moderna].

Other names

Autologous tumor-derived antigensRNA-encoded tumor antigensPatient-specific tumor antigensNeoantigens derived from autologous RNAAutologous tumor mRNA

Induction of a polyclonal T-cell mediated immune response through the delivery and subsequent translation of patient-specific tumor RNA into antigens, which are then processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells [Sahin & Türeci, 2018; NCI].