Tumor-associated antigens encoded by mRNA-4106 (mRNA-4106 antigens)

mRNA-4106 is an investigational, off-the-shelf cancer vaccine developed by Moderna that utilizes messenger RNA technology to target multiple solid tumors. It encodes seven modified, full-length shared tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that are broadly and aberrantly expressed across various cancer types, including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unlike personalized neoantigen therapies, mRNA-4106 is designed as a "pan-tumor" therapy that can be administered to patients without the need for individual tumor sequencing and custom manufacturing. The shared antigens were selected through integrated analyses of RNA sequencing, immunopeptidomics, and immunohistochemistry to identify targets with high tumor expression and low normal tissue expression. The vaccine is formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and is engineered to elicit potent T-cell responses independent of a patient's specific HLA class I and II alleles by providing broad epitope coverage. In clinical settings, mRNA-4106 is being evaluated both as a monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and relatlimab. By targeting seven shared antigens simultaneously, the therapy aims to overcome tumor heterogeneity and prevent immune escape, potentially providing a scalable and broadly applicable treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

Other names

Pan-tumor antigens (mRNA-4106)Shared tumor antigens (mRNA-4106)Multivalent cancer antigens (mRNA-4106)mRNA-4106 shared antigens

mRNA-4106 is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine that, upon administration, is taken up by cells (primarily antigen-presenting cells) and translated into seven modified, full-length tumor-associated antigens. These antigens are then processed and presented on MHC class I and II molecules, stimulating a robust, multivalent T-cell response (CD8+ and CD4+) against tumor cells expressing these shared antigens.