Tumor-associated cell-surface antigen (TACA) (TACA)

Tumor-associated cell-surface antigens (TACAs) represent a broad class of molecules expressed on the exterior of cancer cells, encompassing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that distinguish malignant cells from their healthy counterparts (National Cancer Institute, 2023). These antigens are pivotal in oncology as they provide the "address" for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and CAR-T cells (Nature Reviews Cancer, 2021). While some TACAs are unique to tumors due to mutations, most are overexpressed normal proteins or proteins expressed during specific developmental stages, known as oncofetal antigens (Frontiers in Oncology, 2020). Their biological functions often involve mediating growth factor signaling, cell-cell adhesion, or immune suppression, which contributes to the aggressive phenotype of the tumor (Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2022). From a drug development perspective, the primary challenge lies in the "therapeutic window"—balancing potent anti-tumor activity against "on-target, off-tumor" toxicity in healthy tissues that may express the same antigen at lower levels (PubMed/NIH, 2023). Additionally, the heterogeneity of TACA expression within a single tumor or between patients necessitates the use of companion diagnostics to ensure treatment efficacy (Cell, 2021).

Other names

Tumor-associated antigenTAASurface tumor antigenCancer cell-surface marker

Therapeutic agents targeting these antigens primarily function by inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), or by directly inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways. They also facilitate the targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads through antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or direct T-cell engagement in the case of CAR-T and bispecific therapies.