Tumor-associated molecular pattern (TAMP)

Tumor-associated molecular patterns (TAMPs) are a specialized subset of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are specifically released, secreted, or surface-exposed by cancer cells undergoing stress or immunogenic cell death (ICD) [PMID: 32103342]. These molecules, which include proteins such as High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and calreticulin, as well as non-protein factors like ATP and genomic DNA, function as endogenous danger signals that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells [PMID: 28103150]. The primary biological role of TAMPs in oncology is to bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immunity, facilitating the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells and subsequent T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses [PMID: 30612164]. While many TAMPs are beneficial for anti-cancer immunity, some can also promote chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling that supports tumor progression [PMID: 31121130]. Pharmacological intervention typically involves using ICD-inducers, such as certain anthracyclines or radiotherapy, to trigger TAMP release and enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors [PMID: 29066518]. Conversely, specific TAMPs that contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment are being explored as direct targets for inhibitory therapeutic strategies [PMID: 33067317].

Other names

Damage-associated molecular patternDAMPAlarminImmunogenic cell death markerTumor-derived DAMP

Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) leading to the release and exposure of endogenous danger signals that activate the immune system.