Tumor-associated neoantigen (TANA) (TANA)

Tumor-associated neoantigens (TANAs) are unique peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations, such as single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, or gene fusions, that occur specifically within cancer cells (Schumacher & Schreiber, 2015, Science). These antigens are processed by the proteasome and presented on the cell surface by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, allowing them to be recognized by the T-cell receptors (TCRs) of the host's immune system (Zhang et al., 2021, Frontiers in Immunology). Because neoantigens are not expressed in healthy tissues, they are highly immunogenic and bypass central thymic tolerance, making them ideal targets for precision immunotherapy (Blass & Ott, 2021, Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology). Therapeutic strategies targeting neoantigens include personalized mRNA or DNA vaccines, peptide vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapies using TCR-engineered T-cells (Sahin & Türeci, 2018, Science). These interventions aim to stimulate a robust, tumor-specific immune response capable of eradicating malignant cells while sparing normal tissue. The identification of these targets typically requires genomic sequencing of the patient's tumor followed by bioinformatic prediction of MHC binding affinity (Rizvi et al., 2015, Science). Despite their potential, challenges remain regarding the bioinformatic prediction of effective neoepitopes and the potential for tumor immune escape through the downregulation of MHC molecules (Jhunjhunwala et al., 2021, Nature Reviews Cancer).

Other names

NeoantigenTumor-specific antigen (TSA)NeoepitopeMutation-derived antigenTumor-specific neoantigen

Induction of neoantigen-specific T-cell responses through the presentation of mutation-derived peptides on MHC molecules, leading to targeted lysis of tumor cells.