Tumor cell lysis via oncolytic adenovirus replication

The phrase "Tumor cell lysis via oncolytic adenovirus replication" does not refer to a single molecular target, receptor, or protein. Instead, it describes a therapeutic mechanism wherein engineered or naturally selective oncolytic adenoviruses infect and replicate within cancer cells. This process leads to the destruction (lysis) of the tumor cell as new viral particles are produced. The released cellular debris contains both viral and tumor-specific antigens that can stimulate an immune response by activating dendritic cells and T lymphocytes, further enhancing anticancer immunity. Modern oncolytic adenoviruses are genetically modified for increased specificity—using deletions in key genes like E1A/E1B or insertion of cancer-specific promoters—to minimize effects on normal tissue while maximizing efficacy against tumors. This approach is used primarily in cancer therapy but is not itself a discrete druggable target such as an enzyme or receptor; rather, it is the basis for a class of virotherapies that may be combined with other immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors.[1][2][3]

Other names

Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated tumor cell lysisOncolytic adenoviral therapyAdenoviral oncolysis

Selective viral replication in tumor cells leading to direct lysis[1][2][3]; Induction of antitumor immune responses through release of tumor antigens and stimulation of dendritic cells and T cells[1]