Tumor cell membrane and lysosomal membranes

The tumor cell membrane and lysosomal membranes are critical cellular structures that maintain compartmentalization and regulate the internal environment of the cell [Boya & Kroemer, 2008, Oncogene]. In malignant cells, these membranes often undergo biochemical changes, such as altered cholesterol levels and increased expression of certain phospholipids, which can be exploited for therapeutic purposes [Aits & Jäättelä, 2013, Journal of Cell Science]. The plasma membrane acts as the primary barrier and a site for signal transduction, while the lysosomal membrane sequesters potent digestive enzymes like cathepsins. Therapeutic strategies targeting these membranes typically involve the use of lysosomotropic agents or membrane-disrupting peptides that induce Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization (LMP) [Ostenfeld et al., 2005, Cancer Research]. Upon disruption, the release of lysosomal contents into the cytoplasm triggers rapid cell death through apoptotic or necrotic pathways, often bypassing standard resistance to DNA-damaging agents [Nylandsted et al., 2004, JEM]. This mechanism is particularly effective against cancer cells because their lysosomes are frequently larger and more fragile than those in healthy cells. However, the lack of high specificity for tumor-specific lipids remains a significant hurdle, as off-target effects on healthy cell membranes can lead to systemic toxicity.

Other names

Plasma membrane and lysosomal membraneCellular membranesLysosomal membraneTumor cell lipid bilayer

Induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and plasma membrane disruption, leading to the release of hydrolytic enzymes (cathepsins) and subsequent cell death via apoptosis or necrosis.