Tumor cell surface entry receptors for the oncolytic virus (OV Receptors)

Tumor cell surface entry receptors are a diverse group of proteins exploited by oncolytic viruses (OVs) to gain entry into malignant cells [1]. These receptors, such as the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), CD46, and Nectin-1, are often overexpressed in various cancers, providing a basis for viral tropism and therapeutic selectivity [2][3]. For instance, Adenoviruses primarily utilize CAR for attachment, while Measles virus strains often target CD46, a regulator of complement activation [4]. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) utilizes Nectin-1 and the Herpesvirus Entry Mediator (HVEM) to initiate infection [5]. The interaction between the viral attachment protein and these surface receptors is the critical first step in the oncolytic cycle, leading to viral replication, cell lysis, and the subsequent release of tumor-associated antigens [6]. Therapeutic strategies often involve engineering OVs to recognize tumor-specific antigens or modifying receptor affinity to enhance delivery and minimize off-target effects in healthy tissues [7].

Other names

Oncolytic virus receptorsViral entry receptorsTumor-associated viral receptorsOV entry receptors

Viral attachment to tumor cell surface receptors, followed by entry, selective replication, and induction of immunogenic cell death.