Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells (TIICs)

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a diverse population of immune cells found within the tumor microenvironment. These cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, DCs, MDSCs, Tregs, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, play complex and often opposing roles in cancer progression. They can exert anti-tumor effects through direct cytotoxicity and promotion of adaptive immunity, but also pro-tumor effects by suppressing immune responses, promoting angiogenesis, and creating an immunosuppressive environment. The balance between these opposing activities determines the overall impact of TIICs on tumor growth and metastasis. Their presence and functional state are critical determinants of prognosis and therapeutic response.

Other names

Immune cells in tumorsTumor-associated immune cells

Varies depending on the specific immune cell type and therapeutic agent. Includes blocking immune checkpoints, depleting immunosuppressive cells, and reprogramming immune cell phenotypes.