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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha)
- Target
- TNF-alpha
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligand
01
Overview
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a key mediator in immune system signaling. It is produced primarily by activated macrophages, but also by T cells, B cells, and other cell types. TNF-alpha induces inflammation and can trigger diverse cellular responses including activation of white blood cells, blood coagulation, cytokine secretion, fever induction, and cell death. Excessive or dysregulated production of TNF-alpha leads to chronic inflammation implicated in various diseases. Anti-TNF therapies are widely used for treating several inflammatory disorders.
- Other names
- TNFαTNFCachectin
02
Mechanism of action
TNF-alpha inhibitors block the binding of TNF-alpha to its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, thereby reducing inflammation.
03
Biological functions
Inflammation inductionCell survivalApoptosisCytokine secretionImmune responseNeuroplasticityMyelinationFever inductionBlood coagulationActivation of white blood cells
04
Disease associations
Rheumatoid arthritisPsoriasisInflammatory bowel diseaseCancer progressionResistance to therapyLiver fibrosisAlzheimer's diseaseAutoimmune diseasesSepsisNeuroinflammationBlood-brain barrier breakdown
05
Safety considerations
Increased risk of infection (e.g., tuberculosis)Increased risk of certain cancers (lymphoma)Injection site reactionsExacerbation of heart failureDemyelinating disorders
06
Interacting drugs
Infliximab
4 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum TNF-alpha levels (disease activity, treatment response)
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