Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Expressing Mononuclear Cell

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine produced by various cell types, notably mononuclear cells such as monocytes and macrophages, as well as T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. 'TNF-α-expressing mononuclear cell' typically refers to a peripheral blood or tissue-resident immune cell of the mononuclear lineage that actively produces or expresses TNF-α. These cells play a key role in initiating and amplifying inflammatory responses through the secretion of TNF-α, which promotes recruitment of additional immune effector cells and stimulates production of other proinflammatory mediators. Overproduction or dysregulated expression of TNF-α by these mononuclear populations is implicated in numerous diseases, including autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and infectious disease responses. Neutralization or inhibition of this pathway forms the basis for several anti-TNF therapies used clinically.

Neutralization or inhibition of TNF-α signaling pathway