Tumor Necrosis Factor Production (TNF Production)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, but also by T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and several other cell types. TNF plays a central role in inflammation and immune system regulation. It is rapidly produced in response to pathogens or inflammatory stimuli and acts as a key mediator of the acute phase reaction. Excessive production contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and has roles in cancer progression and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Binding trimeric ligand to trimerized receptor, leading to activation/inhibition cascades resulting in inflammation, cell death, or survival, depending on the context.