Target intelligence / Profile preview

Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α)

Target: TNF-α
Molecular classification: Cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Family

Overview

TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily produced by activated macrophages, but also by T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. It is a central mediator of inflammatory responses and immune system regulation, playing roles in various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Anti-TNF therapies are widely used for treating autoimmune/inflammatory conditions.

Other names: TNF alphaTNFCachectin

Mechanism of action

Anti-TNF therapies neutralize TNF-α, preventing its binding to its receptors and subsequent inflammatory signaling.

Biological functions

Induction/regulation of inflammationActivation/recruitment of white blood cellsFever inductionBlood coagulation modulationOrganogenesisRegulation of stem/progenitor cell fate

Disease associations

Rheumatoid arthritisPsoriasisInflammatory bowel diseaseCancer progressionResistance to infectionLiver fibrosisAlzheimer’s diseaseInsulin resistanceType 2 diabetes mellitusChronic inflammationAutoimmune pathology

Safety considerations

Increased risk of infectionPotential for exacerbation of certain conditions (e.g., heart failure)Injection site reactionsDevelopment of antibodies against the therapeutic agentSelective inhibition strategies under investigation for improved safety/effectiveness profiles

Interacting drugs

Monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α (e.g., Infliximab, Adalimumab)

1 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

Elevated serum TNF-α levels

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