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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)
- Target
- TRAIL
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligand, Type II Transmembrane Protein
01
Overview
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that induces apoptosis, particularly in cancer cells. It interacts with death receptors DR4 and DR5 to activate the caspase cascade, leading to programmed cell death. Decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2, and soluble inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) modulate TRAIL activity. TRAIL is being explored as a cancer therapeutic due to its ability to selectively target tumor cells while sparing most normal cells, but resistance mechanisms remain a challenge.
- Other names
- Apo2LTNFSF10
02
Mechanism of action
Binding to DR4/TRAIL-R1 or DR5/TRAIL-R2, leading to DISC formation, caspase-8 activation, and apoptosis.
03
Biological functions
ApoptosisImmune responseCell deathReceptor binding
04
Disease associations
CancerAutoimmune diseases
05
Safety considerations
Resistance mechanisms in certain solid tumorsPotential toxicity to normal cells (although generally less than other TNF family members)
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