Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)

The **insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor** (**IGF‑1R**) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that mediates the actions of insulin-like growth factors, primarily **IGF‑I** and also **IGF‑II**. It is structurally related to the insulin receptor. Upon ligand binding, it activates intracellular signaling cascades that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival (anti-apoptosis), and metabolism. The IGF system plays a critical role in normal physiology—especially childhood growth—and is implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer (where it can drive tumor cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis), metabolic disorders, and developmental syndromes. Therapeutic modulation of this pathway has been explored for both deficiency states (using recombinant ligands) as well as for cancer treatment using antagonists or inhibitory antibodies targeting either the ligands or their receptors[2][4][7][8]. **Clarification:** The query "Insulin-like growth factor" refers to a family of peptide hormones (**IGFs**, mainly **IGF-I** and **IGF-II**) rather than a single molecular target such as a specific protein or gene product. In drug discovery/therapeutics contexts, targets are typically receptors like "insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor" rather than their soluble ligands ("insulin-like growth factors"). Therefore: *If you intended to refer specifically to one ligand:* Use "Insulin-like growth factor 1" (**IGF-I**, somatomedin C) or "Insulin-like growth factor 2" (**IGF-II**) as canonical names. *If you intended to refer specifically to the main therapeutic target:* Use "Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor" (**IGF‑1R**) as above. Otherwise, is_incorrect = true because “Insulin-like growth factor” alone does not specify whether you mean one particular ligand/hormone or its primary therapeutic target—the type I membrane-bound tyrosine kinase known as “insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor.”

Other names

IGF-1 receptorType 1 insulin-like growth factor receptorIGF1R

Agonists stimulate the receptor to promote cell proliferation and survival.– Antagonists or inhibitory antibodies block ligand binding or downstream signaling, inhibiting tumor growth.