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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Type I iodothyronine deiodinase (D1)
- Target
- D1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Selenoenzyme
01
Overview
Type I iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) is an enzyme that plays a central role in thyroid hormone metabolism. It catalyzes the removal of iodine atoms from thyroxine (T4), converting it into either the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) or inactive metabolites such as reverse T3 (rT3). D1 is unique among deiodinases for its ability to catalyze both activation and inactivation reactions on thyroid hormones. D1 is a selenoenzyme, containing selenocysteine at its active site. Major sites of expression are the liver and kidney. D1 contributes significantly to circulating plasma levels of T3. One key physiological role for D1 is recycling iodine by clearing inactive iodinated compounds from circulation. Polymorphisms in DIO1 have been linked with altered serum thyroid hormone profiles. Reduced activity has been observed in non-thyroidal illness syndrome as well as certain cancers/neoplasias. D1 is highly sensitive to PTU inhibition.
- Other names
- DIO1DI
02
Mechanism of action
PTU inhibits D1 activity by binding to its active site.
03
Biological functions
Thyroid hormone metabolismConversion of T4 to T3Inactivation of T4 to rT3Iodine recyclingDeiodination
04
Disease associations
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome ("euthyroid sick syndrome")HyperthyroidismCancer/NeoplasiasThyroid disorders
05
Safety considerations
Altered serum thyroid hormone profiles due to DIO1 polymorphisms.Reduced activity in non-thyroidal illness syndrome
06
Interacting drugs
6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)
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