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Tyrosine Hydroxylase (None)
- Target
- None
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylase, Monooxygenase, Non-heme iron enzyme
01
Overview
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. TH is a homotetramer with each subunit containing a regulatory domain, a catalytic domain with a non-heme iron center, and a tetramerization domain. Its activity is regulated by feedback inhibition from catecholamines and phosphorylation. Mutations in TH are associated with Dopa-responsive dystonia and other neurological disorders, making it a target for therapeutic intervention.
- Other names
- THTyrosine 3-monooxygenase
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity, reducing catecholamine production.
03
Biological functions
Catecholamine biosynthesisNeurotransmitter synthesisHormone synthesisRegulation of blood pressureStress response
04
Disease associations
Dopa-responsive dystoniaParkinsonismNeurodegenerative diseaseMental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, ADHD)Hypertension
05
Safety considerations
HypotensionExtrapyramidal symptomsDrug interactions (e.g., with MAO inhibitors)Potential for rebound hypertension upon withdrawal
06
Interacting drugs
Metyrosine
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
TH levels in cerebrospinal fluidTH mRNA expression in brain tissueL-DOPA levels in plasmaCatecholamine levels in plasma/urine
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