Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (SHP2)

SHP2 is a cytoplasmic, non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that positively regulates signal transduction downstream of various growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, and immune cell receptors. It is composed of two N-terminal SH2 domains and a central PTP catalytic domain. SHP2 is implicated as an oncogenic driver in various solid tumors, contributing to tumor microenvironment modulation, immune escape mechanisms, and therapy resistance. It is activated by the binding of phosphorylated tyrosine motifs to its SH2 domains, relieving autoinhibition and activating its phosphatase function. Germline or somatic mutations in PTPN11 are linked to Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, hematologic malignancies, and metachondromatosis.

Other names

PTPN11

Allosteric inhibition