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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
- Target
- UPR
- Molecular classification
- Cellular pathway, Stress response
01
Overview
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved cellular stress response mechanism that is activated by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its primary function is to maintain protein homeostasis within the ER, ensuring that only properly folded proteins proceed to their destinations, while misfolded or excess proteins are managed and cleared. The UPR involves three main sensors: IRE1 (directly senses unfolded peptides), PERK (attenuates translation), ATF6 (transcriptional upregulation). Failure of adaptation leads cells toward apoptosis—a process implicated in several human diseases.
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of UPR activity (enhancing adaptive responses or inhibiting pro-apoptotic arms)
03
Biological functions
Restore proteostasisHalt translationDegrade misfolded/unfolded proteinsApoptosisProtein foldingQuality control
04
Disease associations
Neurodegenerative diseaseDiabetes mellitus type IIPsychiatric disordersAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s diseaseHuntington’s diseaseCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease
05
Safety considerations
Chronic or excessive UPR activation can contribute to pathologiesBalancing adaptive and pro-apoptotic arms is critical
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