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Urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1)
- Target
- URAT1
- Molecular classification
- Transporter, Solute carrier family, SLC22A12
01
Overview
Urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1), encoded by the SLC22A12 gene, is a membrane protein predominantly expressed in the proximal tubule of the kidney. It is the principal transporter responsible for mediating the re-absorption of uric acid from the renal filtrate back into circulation. URAT1, along with OAT4 and GLUT9, is central to maintaining serum urate levels. Dysfunction or inhibition of URAT1 can lead to changes in urate balance and contribute to conditions such as gout or kidney disease. Therapeutic inhibition of URAT1 is a key strategy in treating gout and hyperuricemia.
- Other names
- OAT4LRSTSLC22A12
02
Mechanism of action
Competitive inhibition of renal urate re-absorption via direct binding to transporter (especially URAT1) Increased renal uric acid excretion (uricosuric action)
03
Biological functions
Regulation of uric acid homeostasisRenal uric acid re-absorptionControl of serum urate levels
04
Disease associations
HyperuricemiaGoutChronic kidney diseaseCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes
05
Safety considerations
Renal impairment risk with excessive lowering of uric acidRisk of acute uric acid nephropathy with strong uricosuric therapy in predisposed individualsDrug-drug interactions at the transporter level, particularly for URAT1
06
Interacting drugs
Probenecid
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum uric acid (SUA)Genetic polymorphisms in SLC22A12 (URAT1) or SLC2A9 (GLUT9) genes
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