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Urate transporter 1 (URAT1)
- Target
- URAT1
- Molecular classification
- Transporter, Solute carrier family (SLC22), Organic anion transporter
01
Overview
Urate transporter 1 (URAT1), encoded by the SLC22A12 gene, is a membrane protein responsible for the high-affinity reabsorption of uric acid in the renal proximal tubule, critically regulating serum uric acid levels[1][4][7]. It functions as an antiporter, mediating the uptake of extracellular urate typically in exchange for organic anions or chloride ions, thus playing a key role in both urate reabsorption in the kidney and influencing overall body urate balance[1][2]. URAT1 is a member of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family of organic anion transporters, predominantly expressed in the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells, and is a therapeutic target for uricosuric drugs used to treat gout and hyperuricemia[4][7].
- Other names
- SLC22A12RstUrate anion exchangerUrate transporterRenal urate transporter 1
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of uric acid reabsorption by competitive binding to the transporter (uricosuric effect) Antagonism of substrate (urate) uptake
03
Biological functions
Uric acid reabsorptionRegulation of serum uric acid levelsTransmembrane transport of organic anions
04
Disease associations
GoutHyperuricemiaRenal dysfunction / urate nephropathyPossibly cardiovascular and metabolic diseases related to uric acid imbalance
05
Safety considerations
Potential for renal side effects (e.g., nephrolithiasis, renal impairment when inhibiting urate transport)Drug-drug interactions: URAT1 also transports certain drugs and endogenous metabolitesRisk of hypouricemia if transporter function is excessively inhibited or lost
06
Interacting drugs
Lesinurad
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum uric acid (SUA) levelsGenetic variants/SNPs in SLC22A12 (URAT1 gene)
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