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Urinary tract bacteria" refers to a heterogenous group of bacteria—primarily uropathogenic *Escherichia coli*, but also including *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, *Proteus mirabilis*, *Enterococcus faecalis*, and others—that invade the urinary tract and are responsible for urinary tract infections. They employ a variety of virulence factors, such as fimbrial adhesins and toxins, to colonize host tissues, evade immunity, and persist, frequently forming biofilms particularly in the context of catheters. Choice of therapy is complicated by increasing antibiotic resistance, especially among Gram-negative uropathogens. The term does not refer to a single molecular entity and thus is not a molecular drug target in the conventional sense.

Other names

UropathogensUrinary tract pathogensUropathogenic bacteriaUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis (beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems); Inhibition of protein synthesis (aminoglycosides); Inhibition of DNA gyrase/topoisomerase (fluoroquinolones); Inhibition of folic acid metabolism (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole); Inhibition of cell wall enolpyruvate transferase (fosfomycin)