V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA)

VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule primarily expressed on hematopoietic cells, particularly myeloid cells, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. It functions as both a ligand and receptor to suppress T cell activation and cytokine production, promoting immune tolerance. VISTA is upregulated in various cancers, contributing to immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies targeting VISTA, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, are under development to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Expression is partially regulated by p53 and increased by chronic inflammation.

Other names

VSIRGi24Dies-1PD-1HDD1α

Inhibition of T cell activation and effector function by acting as a ligand on antigen-presenting/tumor/myeloid cells or as a receptor on T cells; reduces cytokine production including IL-2, IFN-gamma; promotes conversion to regulatory phenotype in vitro.